Pitfalls in executive information systems (EIS) development

As identified by Watson, EIS failures are due to the following factors: Lack of executive support – The support during the period of development is very essential. The support from the higher management with regard to information transparency and belief for the system would define better activity lifecycle and speed in implementation. Often information gathering from higher management is poorly managed and lacks standard processes for recording mechanism.As not enough documentation is done, the primary stage of IS development is miscarried and entire lifecycle suffers. Undefined system objectives – The system objectives are often revised and requirements are poorly defined. The scope of such systems is open and is never seized, thereafter making the system development in an undefined fashion. The system objective is not understood from the very beginning. The idea is to determine and set right goals for the system. Such initiatives are often neglected and not documented well.Undefined goals push activities to a different path and lack enough direction to succeed (McNurlin, 2009). Inadequate support staff – The support staff are often inadequate and unskilled to handle the development. The high skill individuals are often lacking for the development of EIS, which demands effective resources with years of aligned experience. Such shortages pose a danger to the development. Improper planning – The planning of the EIS system development is often is not adequate and lacks risk management information.The idea is to make the right judgment of the system in conjunction with various organizational objectives and the scope of the system. Such analysis often lacks and thus the system development fails. Planning the EIS system into various sub-systems for development makes the system development planned, however often the system knowhow makes it quite difficult to understand the entire system and thus the development of framework becomes difficu lt. References McNurlin B. C. and Sprague R. H. (2009). Information Systems Management in Practice (8th Ed). Prentice Hall.

Hitler’s Underestimation of the Allies

Toni Smith 12/4/09 â€Å"The Boys’ Crusade† concerning Hitler’s Underestimation of the Allied Powers In his book â€Å"The Boys’ Crusade† Paul Fussell develops the theme of Adolf Hitler’s underestimation of the Allied forces. Hitler’s failure to accurately evaluate the power of the Allied enemies led to the destruction of the Axis powers and precipitated the end of WWII. He underestimated not only the strength of the Allies, but also their determination to win, their combined cooperation, their militarial organizational skills, and their combined technological advances. This underestimation was a product of Hitler’s personal theory of German Aryan racial supremacy over other races and was commonly accepted to some degree as the social Darwinist ideas of the time. In Hitler’s eyes, Germans were a dominant species, set apart from other races by their motivation, their loyal dedication to the Fuhrer, and the strength of their willpower. Hitler believed Germans would prove themselves to be superior on the battlefield if only because of their pure racial background. The lack of discipline and the dismissive attitudes of Allied troops were factors that Hitler believed maintained the theory of racial supremacy. The Germany military, called the Wehrmacht, the SS, and the Gestapo were all strictly trained and highly disciplined units. German parades during WWII consisted of controlled marches in uniform through the streets of German cities. Nazi officials aimed to show the Aryan population the strength and pride of the German military. In contrast to the strict discipline of the Wehrmacht were the Allied forces, in specific, the American troops. They gained a reputation of general laziness including â€Å"slouching postures, gum chewing, leaning against walls when tired, keeping hands in trouser pockets, and †¦ profanity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 1 Hitler saw the slovenly attitudes of the American troops as a solid example of the supremacy of the Aryan Germans. Fussell states that because conditions at the front line were so deplorable many psychological problems and morale issues arose. Also, a general unpreparedness of new recruits was a critical concern, which could have been avoided by training infantrymen for the psychological aspects of warfare. Too late, military planners found that unless replacement troops were â€Å"trained rigorously and prepared psychologically for the carnage of the front lines, they would not survive long and tended to revert to cowardice when faced with violent action. †2 In trench warfare the abysmal living environment, illness, fatigue, loneliness, and constant fear of death created a hopeless feeling of fighting in a meaningless â€Å"never-ending† war. The psychological health of Allied troops was a crucial factor in relation to the positive morale and overall troop resilience, especially of those confronted daily with violent action. The infantry suffered the highest percentage of total casualties throughout the war, and was forced to fight in the worst conditions. The idea of a â€Å"never-ending† war was created in part by the demoralization of troops during the middle stages of the war, before an end was clearly in sight, and also because American troops knew there were only three ways â€Å"to escape from the front line with its discipline, anxiety, and horror: the unlikely sudden end of the war; a wound; and death itself. †3 Before the winter of 1941, Hitler had not considered, the threat of U. S. involvement in the war. However, when the U. S. declared war on Germany and Japan on the 11th of December, 1941, Hitler wholeheartedly believed Germany was ready to challenge Britain and America in a war of global magnitude. Hitler had previously assumed the U. S. would stay out of a European conflict to continue their chosen policy of isolation across the Atlantic. But Germany was not materially prepared for a global war drawn out for more than a few years. Though the U. S. lacked the discipline and fanatical loyalty the German troops showed towards their Fuhrer, Americans were not entering a war without national strengths. The Germans were renowned craftsmen and had the capability to produce high-quality weapons and war-materials but they were not equipped for the scale of production necessary for victory in a global war. However: the strengths of the American industrial tradition – the widespread experience with mass-production, the great depth of technical and organizational skill, the willingness to ‘think big’, the ethos of hustling competition – were just the characteristics needed to transform the American production in a hurry. 4 The U. S. as quite familiar with the technique of mass-production and implemented it very successfully. The American motor industry adapted so well to the program that â€Å"once the conversion was completed the industry began to overfulfil its orders. †5 Based on the opportunities of individual profit, many prospective entrepreneurs found that the war opened a door to the world of business. Germany had been making preparations for war since Hitler took control of the state on the 30th of January, 1933 and the American leaders were aware of just how far behind in production they were. The military weakness of the U. S. was a consequence of geographical and political isolation, but in only four years the giant plans approved by Roosevelt and Congress in the first weeks of war â€Å"turned America from military weakling to military super-power. †6 The strategy of mass-production encouraged individuals to involve themselves in the production of war materials, giving them a personal and unique sense of dedication to the war effort. Production began with Roosevelt building a wartime planning infrastructure, run by business recruits. He employed a strategy in which business was given a good deal of responsibility to further the war effort. The American approach to â€Å"production on this scale made Allied victory a possibility, though it did not make victory in any sense automatic. †7 Hitler was anxious for a victory over the Soviet Union, not only to satisfy a sense of retribution remaining from the German defeat of the First World War, but also to accomplish the goals he set out in his book, Mein Kampf, to attain Lebensraum, or living space for an expanding Aryan population. Even the war with Britain couldn’t distract him for long, and â€Å"in the summer of 1940 he turned his back on Britain, who could, he argued, be finished off by the Luftwaffe in good time, and looked eastward. †8 Hitler was so focused on the conflict against the Soviet Union, that he didn’t correctly prioritize the two conflicts and the necessary war materials needed for a victory in a war against a second front in the West. Hitler had an overabundant confidence in the superiority of German troops and German tanks and didn’t realize how decisive the Allied landing at D-Day and later the battle at Stalingrad would be. The landing on Normandy beaches were a welcome success after the months of small and costly victories in Italy and North Africa. Though Stalingrad is generally considered the most decisive battle of WWII, D-Day marked a major turning point for the Allies. The landing forced Hitler to fight a war on two fronts, which relieved some pressure from the Soviets’ bitter struggle against the Wehrmacht in the East. Hitler’s Germany was beginning to stretch thin, as â€Å"a great chasm opened up between Hitler’s plans and the material reality. 9 The Allies effectively used technology to gain the upper-hand to aide in the victory of the Second World War in Europe. The strategy of synchronizing air support with ground forces promoted forward surges of troops while destroying dug-in German fortifications and causing enemy casualties. In the Battle of the Atlantic, the British were able to crack the German naval code and use decoded transmissions to steer convoys of merchant ships away from the packs of waiting U-Boats. The Allies proved their organization and cooperation abilities during the Battle of the Atlantic. The British and Americans worked together successfully to â€Å"render redundant naval strategies still rooted in the battleship age†10 by the use of air power in groups called support escorts to keep merchant ships safe from U-Boat damage. The success of U-Boats destruction was increased with the use of long-range aircraft, radio, and radar. The warfare technology at sea was maximized, proving that â€Å"victory was a product of all those elements of organization and invention mobilized in months of painstaking labor. 11 Though the Battle of the Atlantic wasn’t won in any short span of time, it lasted for six years, the technological advances, communication improvements, and the coordination of British and Allied forces to predict U-Boat movement took Hitler by surprise. Hitler was confident that the superior German navy could easily gain control of the English Channel, but the Allies proved that in this specific battle â€Å"the careful application of air power, and the use of radar and radio intelligence, turned the tide. 12 Hitler had an overabundant confidence in the German forces and didn’t contemplate the outcome of an Allied victory because he believed Germans were racially superior. Though he wasn’t interested in a war with Britain or the U. S. , they stood in the way of the fruition of his goals of conquest in the East, specifically the destruction of the Jewish people and the downfall of the Soviet Union. Hitler underestimated the combined strength, organizational skills, and military power of the Allies and allowed his dreams of Eastern conquest to cloud his judgment concerning military priorities when faced with a pressing war in the West. His inaccurate estimation of the strength of the Allies and his inability to coordinate war efforts on two fronts, especially after Stalingrad, led to the downfall of the Axis powers. References Fussell, Paul 2003. The Boys’ Crusade. New York: Random House Printing. 136. Fussell, 97. Fussell, 107. Overy, Richard 1995. Why The Allies Won. New York: Norton Publishing. 192. Overy, 195. Overy, 192. Overy, 192. Overy, 13. Overy, 200. 10. Overy, 30. 11. Overy, 60. 12. Overy, 52.

Analysis of West Side Story

Western stories The story of the West was published in 1961 as a melodrama performance in New York. She has the same theme as Shake Spear, Romeo, Juliet. Because it is about two lovers and that relationship can not be accepted by others because of a background conflict. The artistic meaning of this movie can be seen everywhere in the movie. It seems unrealistic to pretend to pick up and mix during the fight, but all dances, songs, performances, and pretend fights are thorough and very good. To discuss the historical development of musicals, this report analyzes Leonard Bernstein 's musical West Side Story. That is how the screen version of 1961 adapts to the revival stage of 2009 Broadway to accommodate contemporary audiences and by using ideas and styles to influence the social and economic impact of the work Indicates whether to reflect their time. The confrontation between the two hostile groups, which is very important to the story, could be further interpreted as a conflict betw een the Catholic and the Jewish community, which was the first intention of Bernstein. But Bernstein grasped the idea that New York's current ethnic tension caused by immigrants in Puerto Rico will provide a stronger story, and he gave him a series of Latin American dance rhythms I will see the opportunity to use without a doubt. He said later ...: West Side Story is recording by Arthur Laurents, music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and choreography by Jerome Robbins. This is said to be an interpretation of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. The story of West End and Romeo and Juliet have many similarities and differences in many respects. Work Romeo and Jurriette began in Verona in 1594. In contrast, the story of the Western Region was held in New York City in 1957. Most of the characters in the western district can be seen as modern versions of many characters in the Shakespearean plays. Romeo and Juliet. Tony can be regarded as Romeo, Maria as Juliet, Jet as Monta ge, Shark as Nurse, Leave as Mercurio, Bernardo as Tilbert, Dr. Flare Lawrence, Baltazar. Chino plays Paris, the police acts the prince, Anybodys and Baby John play Bemborio. The story of West End and many scenes of Romeo and Juliet are very similar. West Side Story: The West Side Story is an example between texts and talked about Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet contemporaneously. Tony (Romeo) and Maria (Juliet) are in love. But hostile groups whose families and their loyalty depend on are prohibited from their love. The story of West End creates a new original story using Romeo and Juliet's theme (such as the end of taboo love and tragedy).

Effects of Advertising and Promotion on Purchasing Behavior of Essay

Effects of Advertising and Promotion on Purchasing Behavior of Chocolate Consumers in India - Essay Example During the contemporary period, companies operate in a highly competitive environment where they strive to gain competitive advantage over others in order to generate more profits. It is imperative for every organisation to carry out market research in order to gain knowledge about the customer needs with the aim of attracting new customers. However, the purchasing behavior of consumers is influenced by various factors and it is the company’s duty to portray its products in the best way that would appeal to many customers. Whilst there are various tools that are used to market different products to the consumers, advertising and promotion are often regarded as the most effective to organizations operating in a market that is characterized by high competition. It should also be noted that different people live in different regions of the world and they have diverse views about particular products and the company offering similar products to those offered by other organizations ought to be able to sustain competition through offering unique product information that would make it a preferred choice compared to others. It is against this background that the following study seeks to investigate how advertising and promotion strategies could change the purchasing behavior of the chocolate consumers in India. The study will particularly focus on two leading chocolate manufacturing companies namely Cadbury India and Nestle India whose several chocolate products are used by millions of consumers in India.

Class Stratification and Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Class Stratification and Work - Essay Example The agonies of J.D.S. were caused by the negligence of the Department of Children and Family Affairs. So, as its successor, the Agency for Person’s with Disabilities should be held responsible for the negligence. As a concerned citizen, I am committed to the protection of the rights of the disabled in the society. Therefore, I support this bill because it will make a big contribution towards the protection of the rights of the disabled who have not been treated with the dignity they deserve. Meaning, it will be useful in enforcing clause 393.13 of the Florida Statute and the Bill of Rights of Persons with Developmental Disability. These will help in preventing the disabled from being denied right to privacy, dignity. It will also grant them freedom from neglect, sexual abuse and exploitation. At the same time, it will put Agency for Person’s with Disabilities to be responsible and actively involved in monitoring the activities of home cares. Those who oppose this bill argue that it is not a good one at this point of time. They argue that it is illogical to blame Agency for Person’s with Disabilities f the actions of Philip Strong. They are convinced that J.D.S’s case should not be special because it is just like any other rape. Therefore, no such attention should be given to it. However, I disagree with them because I feel that the disabled need protection1. This is supported by Reed who, in ‘The Rome I Regulation and Reapprochement of Anglo-American Choice of Law in Contract: A Heralded Triumph of Pragmatism over Theory,’ argues that indeed, the disabled are much vulnerable individuals who need special attention2. Similar sentiments are echoed by Mirrow who, in the article ‘The Social-Obligation Norm of Property: Duguit, Hayem, and Others,’ holds the view that clause 393.13 of the Florida Statute is under threat and needs to be salvaged through stringent

Key Features of E-Business Environment Term Paper

Key Features of E-Business Environment - Term Paper Example This essay stresses that business-to-business is a kind of dealing in which the dealing of services or goods is carried out among companies. In case of our online DVD Shop business, we will use B2B that will describe e-communication between enterprise and business to detach it from business-to-commerce type dealings, however at present it is as well employed for marketing reasons. In this scenario, the online business deals with business model that we are going to implement are online selling in which a customer pays for its desired products. This paper makes a conclusion that after designing and developing the web site, it should be accessible to the people. A web hosting service provider provides hosting services by means of WWW. Additionally, there are different packages depending upon the requirements of the site owner. The companies that offer such hosting services are acknowledged as web hosts who, basically, rent out their domain at some specific charges. However, charges can be paid monthly or annually, depending on the customer’s requirements. Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivity to the internet for servers. There are many free and paid web hosting providers offering these services. For our Online DVD Shop business we will evaluate the requirements to choose what kind of hosting should we use? The web design of our online DVD shop will completely follow the basic rules of HCI (human computer interaction) and usability.

Road King Trucks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Road King Trucks - Assignment Example Road King Trucks should accept the project as it has a positive NPV and a low payback period. In addition, the company’s IRR  is higher  than the  Road King Trucks  cost of capital. Further, the company has a Profitability Index, PI, of greater than one implying that it has a higher per dollar return. Road King Trucks is going to gain $532 million in wealth when the expansion decision implemented, which is a huge amount money on a scale like this. Road King Trucks has a bond rating of AA. This makes its risk relatively low (Groppelli & Nikbakht, (2006). For these reasons, the company should definitely say yes to the expansion decision. Road King Trucks, Inc. that is a company that manufactures trucks is contemplating on introducing a public transport bus. A recently hired, CEO Michael Livingston organized a meeting with the company’s top engineers and managers to examine introducing into its existing product line a large, public transit bus (Bidgoli, 2004). The new CEO Michael Livingston recognized the opportunity of building these public transit buses due to the escalating  prices of fuel, the  roads  congestion  together with  the ever increasing parking fees. It is likely that more people are going to use public transportation because the prices of oil keep on rising with no sign of decreasing in the near future. As a result, the public transportations demand is expected to increase and continue into the spring as many people will search for alternative transportation. Road King Trucks should, therefore, adapts itself to the market changes in order to be at the forefront of their field of business (Groppelli & Nikbakht, (2006). The company should go Green by adopting engines that demonstrate immense environmental consciousness to the world (Baker & Powell, 2005). This will attract people that require public transportation thus fulfilling their needs or demands.

Argumentative Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Argumentative - Article Example Moreover, the rise of sites has ensured that they work in countless ways such as chatting, breaking news, following events such as elections, and expressing different forms of humor. Moreover, the media have also helped people keep up with friends or colleagues and contribution to online debates (ITU 1). On the other hand, the sites have led to transformation of online user’s behavior. In fact, most of people have been spending their time in these sites usually Facebook and Twitter. Consequently, it has led to the exposure of many people private lives, and this is seen as an acceptable behavior and etiquette for the users (ITU 1). The number of users is expected to increase significantly in the near future. In 2009, there were close to a billion users of social networks worldwide (ITU 1). Consequently, these sites continue to impact on society positively and negatively. The use of social media such as Facebook should be controlled as it affects the student’s performance , leads to cyber bullying in schools, escalation of violence behavior, poor health and concentration in class, and poor social life. Negative Impact of Social media on Education Education is vital for the success of any individual especially the teenagers. Currently, the number of teenagers using social sites such as Facebook has been on the rise. Moreover, teenagers show most in interest for using social sites. As a result, learning is affected in a significant way. A research that was done showed that over 90% of college students use social sites (Tariq, Mehboob, Khan and Ullah 409). On the other hand, technology has shown much progress especially with the development of devices that have made it possible for most people to access social sites anytime and anywhere. Some of these devices include smart phones, computers, laptops, and simple mobile phones (Tariq et al 490). Consequently, students have been able to access the social sites while still in school. However, technology can be an excellent innovation, but it is dangerous when it provides ease of accessing social sites for social network addict. In fact, easy access to social sites provides many opportunities for development of addiction especially for students that suffer from social isolation (Tariq et al 409). First, social media such as Facebook diverts the attention of students. The effects are that concentration of students is diverted to non-productive activities such as chatting, time killing by random searching and failure to fulfill schools undertaking (Tariq et al 409). The distraction occurs due to various programs available in social sites. Some of these programs include gaming and advertisements. As a result, it leads to endless venture of the students in the sites, as programs available in social sites never satisfy (Tariq et al 409). The addicts become delinquent parents, friends, and other associated people as they lack a sense of upcoming future and competition in their careers (Tariq et al 409). A study carried out showed that high school and college students kept on checking Facebook after every fifteen minutes (American Psychological Association (APA) 1). The outcome was an achievement of inferior rank in the class. Moreover, social sites use different features that divert the attention of the students as they multitask. This occurs due to an increasing number of

Financial Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Financial Management - Research Paper Example According to the latest financial report of Google.inc it has been found that they are in a great position when it comes to debt ratio, the debt ratio is 0.02 which means that they have more assets than debt and the debt can be paid off very easily so the company need not worry about anything as far as the debt ratio is concerned. Following are the most important ratios of the company: Current ratio: 5.8 Quick ratio: 5.6 Asset Turnover: 0.6 Return on Assets: 14.0% Return on Equity: 17.3% All these ratios clearly show that Google inc is financially very sound and there is nothing to worry about for the company but they have several competitors and can’t afford to rest on their laurels. Business Model Employees are more than willing to work for Google because the organization has established itself as one of the best companies in the world, in the year 2007 and 2008 Google was the top company to work for, it is one of the very best companies across the globe, they treat their em ployees with a lot of respect and they take special efforts to motivate them. All this success is because of their leadership and cross-functional organizational structure. Google employs the rule of â€Å"70-20-10† this means the employees can communicate directly with each other, this much improved communication system has been the key to success. Formal channels are normally avoided by the company to avoid any misunderstandings, the staff is always highly motivated because they have a sense of belief that they can contribute immensely towards the company, this sense of belief keeps them motivated and inspires them to keep performing for the company. Cross-Functional Leadership Structure of Google Features of Cross-Functional Leadership Structure: â€Å"To meet the many demands of performing their functions, managers assume multiple roles. A role is an organized set of behaviors. Henry Mintzberg has identified ten roles common to the work of all managers. The ten roles are divided into three groups: interpersonal, informational, and decisional. The informational roles link all managerial work together. The interpersonal roles ensure that information is provided. The decisional roles make significant use of the information. The performance of managerial roles and the requirements of these roles can be played at different times by the same manager and to different degrees depending on the level and function of management. The ten roles are described individually, but they form an integrated whole.† (Henry Mintzberg). Another big challenge which the leaders of today face is the daunting task of decision making. Decision making is the most challenging task for any leader. One wrong decision can change many things around in an organization and those changes will surely be for the worse of the organization on the other hand one good decision can help the organization in more ways than one. Decision making is a very delicate process, numerous things h ave to be kept in mind, a leader just cannot go on making wrong decisions because that would result in disaster, even one wrong decision can be disastrous for any organization so considering all these things it becomes imperative that leaders analyze the situation and make their decisions wisely, if a leader analyzes a

Sales Operations & Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sales Operations & Management - Assignment Example Sales manager can assist the sales people to overcome rejection by teaching them to rejoice in nos since if they occur at the beginning of a transaction they save on time that would have been spent on the prospect client. Communicating with individual sales people enables the manager to understand them making it easy to motivate and inspire them individually. The managers should also couch their sales representative to ensure they are well equipped before they embark on their duties (Vaynerchuk, 2013). EMAIL mail marketing is an effective marketing strategy. Giving of email address to prospective customers is a lower barrier and it provides an opportunity to interact with the customers. It is important for a company to create a list of emails since this enables the creation of a relationship with the customers; this may result to continued sales. If well used, emails will help in building a business (Kottler & Keller,

Technology vs Man Essay Example for Free

Technology vs Man Essay Technology versus man is not only a theme found in literature, such as when the scientist, Frankenstein, created the monster who came alive and turned on the scientist, but is also a theme found in the real-life world of American economy. The Economist is a weekly newspaper focusing on politics and business news and opinion. It ran an article called â€Å"Into the Unknown† which put forth the idea that changes in technology that destroy jobs can also create new ones. The machine (created by man) will not necessarily turn on the man to destroy him by taking away his means of making a living. Though the machine may eliminate one means of making a living, in so doing it may create a number of new means. When technology starts to eliminate jobs, it also creates an opportunity to profit from the creation of new jobs. â€Å"Into the Unknown† says the fear that a rise in technology would cause a decline in jobs is not a new one. In 1929 American economist Stuart Chase in his book Men and Machines, made the prediction that the creation of machines to do the work that man once did would soon destroy the American economy. The machines would go on producing the same amount of product, but jobless people would not have the money to buy the product. He felt that this economic disaster was just around the corner. Time has proven him wrong according to this article. What Chase didn’t understand was that the machine that destroyed one job set the course for the creation of new, possibly unthought-of jobs. Economic predictions are often wrong and short-sighted. Even short-term labor-market predictions can be wrong as seen in the 1988 example of the twenty occupations that the government predicted would suffer the most job losses between 1988 and 2000. Half of those occupations gained jobs instead of lost. The fear of out-sourcing jobs to other countries is another modern day economic fear according this article; but the author feels out-sourcing could be a way of getting rid of less valuable jobs and then using those workers to do more valuable jobs. Retraining workers and remembering that human desire for new technology will help keep Americans working. The idea that changes in technology that destroy jobs can create new ones is not accepted by everyone. Two hundred years ago in England a group called the Luddites – 19th-century English textile workers – revolted against industrialization by sabotaging mechanical looms. They felt these looms made it possible to replace them with less-skilled, low-wage workers, leaving them without work. An English economist of that day, David Ricardo, was the first to predict that technology would result in unemployment. There have been many others that have agreed with that prediction – economists such as John Maynard, Wassily Leontief, Pater Drucker, and Stuart Chase. Yet despite massive mechanization and automation, the U.S. economy has kept creating jobs. These fears are still being advanced today by people such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology professors, Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew P. McAfee. If Stuart Chase thought economic disaster was just around the corner, these men believe we have turned that corner. They believe automation is replacing people faster than the economy can create jobs. Catherine Mann, who is quoted in The Economist article, disagrees with this assessment. She says that Information Technology (IT) jobs have risen from 1999-2003 (Behrens 246). IT jobs, such as health information experts, machine-to-machine communications enablers, and outsourcing/offshoring managers, are increasing. Ms. Mann actually predicts an IT labor shortage (Behrens 246). Is America on the brink of economic disaster due to IT replacing men with machines, or is IT actually producing more jobs than it is taking away as the theme states? History would cause one to believe that the economy will adjust as it always has, and new jobs will be generated; yet a new variable could prove that wrong. America’s gross domestic product has grown 75% since 2009, yet unemployment has hovered above 9% since the same date. This would indicate that Stuart Chase and his kind are right. The new variable is Moore’s Law – microprocessors double their performance every eighteen months. They have been doing this ever since they were introduced in 1958. To illustrate this growth, if one grain of rice was placed on a chessboard square and then doubled on the second square and then that amount was doubled on the third square, by the time all sixty-four squares were filled, the amount of rice would be equal to Mount Everest. Simply put, computers have grown far more powerful over the past fifty years. An example of this is the technological advancement in pattern recognition which now surpasses human capability. This is seen in autonomous vehicles and voice recognition software. Over time, a well-functioning economy should adjust to technological unemployment, but it’s important that workers learn new skills and new business models be invented. As the article states, computer professionals have learned that maintaining standard business-software packages is no longer lucrative, but tailoring business software and services is. There is not a big supply of IT graduates to recruit and train in America. Therefore, companies have to retrain their employees in these sought-after skills (Behrens 246). When technology starts to eliminate jobs, it also creates an opportunity to profit from the creation of new jobs. Even though it is a possibility that we have actually turned the corner in our economy and that technology is actually eliminating jobs faster than they can be created, it is not the time to throw hands in the air and give up. It would be good to remember that technology has created jobs today that would not have been dreamed of twenty-five to fifty years ago. Who knows what jobs will be available twenty-five to fifty years from now?

Graphic Organizers Essay Example for Free

Graphic Organizers Essay Graphic organizers are wonderful tools for learners of all abilities in all grades. They help students to visually and clearly organize their opinions and ideas. Students are enabled to see connections and relationships between information, facts and terms. For ELL students and struggling readers, this is particularly useful because it aids with language issues and challenges in comprehension these students struggle with. It visually provides them with a broad picture of this corpus of information they are trying to learn as opposed to words and language. Introducing and organizing instructional content can be done in a fun and simple way. I would begin with a simple fun math lesson that is on a more personal level. To introduce the lesson; the first step should describe to the students the lesson’s purpose (how to budget within your means), then explain its components (reason, solve problems, communicate, computation) and finally model its use (3 column chart) together with the class. This will ensure students comprehend the material they are learning. The 5th grade class would be instructed to divide into 3 groups of 6. Each group will be assigned a budget of $60.00. I would then hand out menus to each group from a popular fast food restaurant (Wendy’s). Students in each group will order any item off the menu for lunch but within their group budget. They will itemize their choices on their worksheet and include quantity and total amounts. Students will be aware that all deluxe meals come with french fries and a drink. Any state tax will not be configured for this lesson. Together we will input the information collected from each group onto the organizer. We will analyze, compare and discuss the decisions each group made with their selections and how well they managed their budget. The graphic organizer will also help them reflect individually as they see the information unfold from this valuable tool. It is important for students to learn the concept of managing money and to learn to live within their means.

Vygotsky’s Theory

Vygotsky’s Theory Explain and Evaluate Vygotskys Theory of the Role of Language in Childrens Cognitive Development Vygotsky described developmental changes in childrens thinking in terms of cultural tools; they use these to make sense of their world. Generally, they use technical tools to change objects or gain mastery over the environment. Moreover, they used psychological tools to organise behavior or thought. According to Vygotskys view, society shapes a childs mind through the transmission of tools which are appropriate for their culture. Both the culture and the childs experiences are necessary to understand childrens cognitive development (â€Å"Social Development Theory,† n.d.) Vygotskys theory was an attempt to explain awareness the product of socialization. For example, in the learning of language or first words, peers or adults are noticing the first utterance and the purpose of communication but after they recognize that they become internalized and allow â€Å"inner speech† (Bransford, Brown, Cocking, 2000). Vygotsky believed that language was one of the most important psychological tools that effects childrens cognitive development. He identified that there are three different stages in the childrens use of language. Firstly, language is an essential factor for communication (social speech). Next, children begin to use egocentric or private speech to control their own thinking. The last stage is language development. Children use verbal thoughts to guide what they are thinking and their actions. (referance). Vygotsky also believed that language and thought first become independent after them being interdependent. He suggested that attainment of a new word was the beginning of the development of a concept. This is supported by a classic study by Carmichael (1932) who gave participants one of two labels for certain drawings. A kidney shape was described either kidney bean or canoe. Following that participants were asked to draw the shape. If the drawing was different form their label according to which label they had been given. As a result of this words can help us to remember things. On the other hand, Sinclair- de -Zward (1969) tried to teach children who could not use comparative terms that were not in their vocabulary. (p116). Such as, bigger or shorter, she found that there was very little improvement in their ability to conserve. The major theme of Vygotskys theoretical framework is that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition. Vygotsky (1978) states: Every function in the childs cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological). This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical memory, and to the formation of concepts. All the higher functions originate as actual relationships between individuals. (p57). Moreover, Vygotsky also identified three concepts in particular for cognitive development to proceed effectively. â€Å"The zone of proximal development is the distance between what children can do by themselves and the next learning that they can be helped to achieve with competent assistance† (Raymond, 2000, p.176). The scaffolding teaching strategy provides individualized support based on the learners ZPD (Chang, Sung, Chen, 2002). The first is the Zone of proximal development. This zone describes the range of difficult tasks or it is very hard for the learners complete this task alone. However, learners can complete this task with appropriate assistance or someone who is more knowledgeable. Thus according to Vygotsky, cognitive development will occur when a learner is confronted by a task that lies within the zone, if a task is easy to complete for task learners then no cognitive development will occur. Also if the task is too hard for a learner to complete the task alone or even with assistance then no cognitive development will occur. (Bransford, Brown, Cocking, 2000). Evidence for ZPD was produced by McNaughton and Leyland (1990). They observed young children working with their mothers on jigsaw puzzles of increasing difficulty and then after one week the child was working on their own. The children reached higher difficulty when working with their mother. Thus it is explaining their ZPD. The Zone of Proximal Development was related to a kind of scaffolding which is used by the mothers. The mothers were worried about keeping their child on task. During this time generally mothers were focused on helping the children solve the puzzle for themselves, Previous studies looked at middle- income families. Researchers suggested that using different ZPD â€Å"region of sensitivity to instruction,† this term using for mothers and preschoolers in a copying task and it is help to predict childrens subsequent skills on this task. Furthermore, researchers found some differences in how well mothers change their level of encouragement style based on the childs performance (â€Å"i.e., providing less support after the child succeeded and more support after failure† and these differences were also helping to predict a childrens ability to gain understanding and learn information . (Wood et al., 1976; Wood Middleton, 1975). The second concept is that the scaffolding which describes the nature of the assistantce given by the more knowledgeable person. In this time the learner completes the task with the Zone of Proximal development (with assistance). Infants cognitive development depends on the assistance level. If the assistance is great at first and then it is slightly reduced as the learners skill improves, ultimately, the learner will be able to complete the task but the cognitive development will only continue if the task is replaced with another task or a more complex task which is modified to the new zone. (Bransford, Brown, Cocking, 2000). Vygotsky defined scaffolding instruction as the â€Å"role of teachers and others in supporting the learners development and providing support structures to get to that next stage or level† (Raymond, 2000, p. 176).An important aspect of scaffolding instruction is that the scaffolds are temporary. As the learners abilities increase the scaffolding provided by the more knowledgeable other is progressively withdrawn. Finally the learner is able to complete the task or master the concepts independently (Chang, Sung, Chen, 2002, p. 7). Therefore, the goal of the teacher when using the scaffolding teaching technique is for the student to become an independent and self- regulating learner and problem solver (Hartman, 2002). There is one study which examined the relation of maternal scaffolding and childrens attention regulation abilities in preschool children from low-income families within the context of a parent-child interaction task and in a child-alone task. According to this maternal scaffolding behaviors are different between mothers of children with attention regulation skills. For example, whose children show poor attention regulation skills, it emerges that parent and child interactions are more likely to engage verbally with their children, more strategic questions, â€Å"verbal hints and verbal prompt† (Olson and Platt, 2000, p.180). The amount of childrens attention regulation skills is related to the mothers level of scaffolding to predict child performance when they are alone to complete a task. Attention regulation skills are also related to independent performance when contexts including high maternal scaffolding. Findings provide important information parents promote attention regulation skills in children especially who are at risk for poor academic outcomes (Blair, 2002; Sethi, Mischel, Aber, Shoda, Rodriguez, 2000). The current study focused on a parent-child puzzle matching task to understand how children regulate their attention process when with their mother and when alone. How specific mothers behavior are related to childrens abilities to understand to regulate their own behavior and transfer these abilities to independent tasks. Researchers especially focused on verbal behaviors of mothers which are related to childrens attention regulation skills. (Norman, Breznitz, 1992) Researchers have focused on different socioeconomic status in families. An empirical research has exposed that there has been significant differences in interactional characteristics in families of different socioeconomic levels (Gottfried, 1984; Hart Risley, 1992, 1995; Heath, 1989). According to research results show that different socioeconomic status has been shown to influence the nature parent-child interactions. Another research was done by Wood (1976) who observed children aged 4-5 who were working with their mother on problem solving tasks. Some mothers gave verbal encouragement and others more specific help including demonstrations of what to do. The most effective strategy was combined both general and specific instructions, the mother was adapting to the learners achievement and failures. The mother gave instructions when the learner had difficulty but mothers gave general encouragement when the child was coping well. Kopp (1987) reported that specific types of control technique used by caregivers affected childrens self regulation skills. For instance, middle income families who encouraged their children to be independen,t their children were more likely to have low rate on impulsivity, problems of cconcentration and hyperactivity, and high on self-control measures. Similarly, Grolnick and Ryan (1989) have found that high levesl of parental support of independence was associated with more self regulation and they are more likely to less acting behavior. Based on these studies, the amount of caregiver control affects childs behavior and it is also related to childrens self- regulation abilities. When children get older parents give their children a number of responsibilities for example, children become independent regulators of their own thinking processes. According to Vygotsky (1978) view of socio-cognitive transaction makes it easy to improve childrens cognitive development is the ability to become same structure situation like an adults, it is depends to the childs ability levels. The third concept is psychological tools give another reason that â€Å"social interaction† is an essential factor in cognitive development. Psychological tools are â€Å"intellectual mechanisms or operations† which people use to examine their environment and interact with others. Here is some examples of psychological tools â€Å"written language, symbols, maps and scientific method and oral language† (Gredler and Shields, 2004). Evaluation of Vygotskys theory; There has been very little empirical investigation research on Vygorskys theory however there are much more research on Piagets theory. Further limitation relates to Vygotskys social emphasis. Whereas Piagets give minimise attention to social influences, Vygotskys give too much weight to social influences. There has been also some strengths, for example, Vygotskys approach provides an association between social and cognitive domains. (Vygotsky, 1978) There are a number of important distinctions between Piagets and Vygotskys theories. The most important ones are that teachers worry about the role of language and learning in development. But Piaget believed that egocentric speech is not a useful function in young childrens development. Vygotsky argued that egocentric speech is the way children recognise and regulate their thoughts and actions. Piaget claimed that childrens development is limited and it is associated with what children are able to learn from social experiences (Vygotsky, 1978) Vygotsky( 1934/1986) disagree with Piagets conclusions. Language helps children to think about mental abilities, behaviors and select courses of action. He believed that it is the foundation for all higher cognitive processes including controlled attention, deliberate memorization, recall categorization, planning problem solving, abstract reasoning and self reflection. Vygotskys view is that children speak themselves for self guidance. When they get older they find some tasks easier, their self directed speech isinternalised as salient in inner speech and the internal speech verbal dialogs people always carry on while thinking and acting in everyday situations. ( Vygotsky, 1986) To conclude vygotskys theory of socio-cultural theory is important to understand child cognitive development. Especially, he divided into three concepts which gave more clear information and each zone gives completely different information. However there have been some negative aspects of this theory, it does not tell how children internalize social experience to advance their mental functioning. He just gave a little information about biological contributions to childs cognition. However, his theory emphasised cognitive change Vygotsky theory leads up to expect diverse path of development. ( Vygotsky, 1978) References: Blair, C. (2002). Integrating cognition and emotion in a neurobiological conceptualization of childrens functioning at school entry. American Psychologist, 57, 111−127. Bransford, J., Brown, A., Cocking, R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, and Experience School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Chang, K., Chen, I., Sung, Y. (2002). The effect of concept mapping to enhance text comprehension and summarization. The Journal of Experimental Education 71(1), 5-23. Hartman, H. (2002). Scaffolding Cooperative Learning. Human Learning and Instruction (pp. 23-69). New York: City College of City University of New York. Hart, B., Risley, T. R. (1992). American parenting of language-learning children: Persisting differences in family-child interactions observed in natural home environments. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1096−1105. Hart, B., Risley, T. R. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experiences of young American children. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. Heath, S. B. (1989). Oral and literate traditions among Black Americans living in poverty. American Psychologist, 44, 367−373. Kopp, C. B. (1987). The growth of self-regulation: Caregivers and children. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Contemporary topics in developmental psychology (pp. 34−35). New York: Wiley. Gredler, M., Shields, C. (2004). Does no one read Vygotskys words? Commentary on Glass Commentary on Glassman. Educational Researcher, 33(2), 21 25. Gottfried, A. W. (1984). Home environment and early cognitive environment. Integration, meta-analysis, and conclusions. In A. W. Gottfried (Ed.), Home environment and early cognitive development: Longitudinal research (pp. 329−342). Orlando, FL: Academic Pres Grolnick, W. S., Ryan, R. M. (1989). Parent styles associated with childrens self-regulation and competence in school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 143−154 Norman, G., Breznitz, Z. (1992). Difference in the ability to concentrate in first grade Israeli pupils of low and high socioeconomic status. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 153, 5−17. Olson, J. and Platt, J. (2000). The Instructional Cycle. Teaching Children and Adolescents with Special Needs (pp. 170-197). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc Raymond, E. (2000). Cognitive Characteristics. Learners with Mild Disabilities (pp. 169-201). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn Bacon, A Pearson Education Company. Sethi, A., Mischel, W., Aber, J. L., Shoda, Y., Rodriguez, M. L. (2000). The role of strategic attention deployment in development of self-regulation: Predicting preschoolers delay of gratification from mother-toddler interactions. Developmental Psychology, 36, 767−777. Social Development Theory. (No date). Retrieved November 3, 2002, from http:// tip.psychology.org/vygotsky.html Norman, G., Breznitz, Z. (1992). Difference in the ability to concentrate in first grade Israeli pupils of low and high socioeconomic status. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 153, 5−17. Vygotsky, L.S. (1962). Thought and Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Vygotsky, Lev. 1986. Thought and Language (translated by Alex Kozulin). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. (Original work published 1934.) Wertsch, J.V. (1985). Cultural, Communication, and Cognition: Vygotskian Perspectives. Cambridge University Press. Wood, D., Bruner, J., Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Child Psychiatry, 17, 89−100. Wood, D., Middleton, D. (1975). A study of assisted problem-solving. British Journal of Psychology, 66(2), 181−191.

Hope in The Lesson, by Toni Cade Bambera Essay -- The Lesson

After reading Toni Cade Bambara's, The Lesson, the reader is left with a sense of hope for the first person narrator Sylvia and her friends. Following her and her friends from the slums of New York, to a Fifth Avenue F.A.O. Swartz, one gets an idea as to the kind of environment they came from, the type of education they received, and the sense of economic imbalance they bear witness to. Through this the antagonist, Miss Moore, is able to let the children evaluate for themselves the difference between the Fifth Avenue world and the one they are from, at an age where the impression made upon them might generate a spark of desire to find out how they might achieve the same rewards Fifth Avenue has to offer. The story is told from the point of view of the protagonist, first person narrator, Sylvia. Sylvia is a preteen African American girl, strong willed, intelligent, and the obvious leader of the pack. The story's plot involves a college educated black woman who comes back to an economically disadvantaged neighborhood on weekends and takes the local children on field trips of a sort. On this particular trip she lets the children experience their first ride in a taxicab to a toy store in Manhattan. It is played out through a chronological series of events from the time they leave their neighborhood, until the time they arrive back there. The exposition introduces the reader to, Sylvia, Miss Moore, Sylvia's friends, and the neighborhood. Sylvia's friends consist of a number of round characters, such as Junebug, Mercedes, Fat Butt, and Rosie Giraffe, as well as the stock characters Sugar, Q.T. and Junior. The setting is what seems to be a 1960' circa slum. As the story develops the reader gets a glimpse of Sylvia's â€Å"street smar... ...lack of proper education in the poorer areas of the country, the need for parents to stand up and take responsibility for their children, and the inequality, and huge gap that exists between the rich and the poor in the United States today. The use of Sylvia as the protagonist gave the story a real quality to it. The world as seen through the eyes of a pre-teen, streetsmart kid, and the realization that there was still a lot to learn in an unfair world. Every character was well defined, and seemed to have a life of their own. It was a very easy to comprehend story which I believe should be a staple, if not requirement, in every urban public school Work Cited Bambara, Toni Cade. â€Å"The Lesson.† Literature and society: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction. Pamela J Annas and Robert C. Rosen. 4th Edition. Upper Saddle River, N.J 2007. P. 647-653

The Mysterious Gatsby in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay

In the novel, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, we know that Gatsby, the main character, is a mysterious man who doesn’t seem to show much personal growth throughout this book. Although, we do learn a lot about him through what the other characters reveal. We learn many different things about Gatsby through these rumors that it helps give us a better understanding of things. In the beginning of this novel everyone seems to know, or at least have heard, about Gatsby. He is talked about a lot and it is manly in a good way. Gatsby appears to be a very powerful person who also has a lot of respect from people. He has a very strange and kind of mysterious personality. For example when he has his party’s, usually on ever Saturday night, he seems to isolate himself from ...

Perversion of Society :: essays research papers

Perversion of Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today’s society a person is shaped by family, friends, and past events, but in Aldous Huxley’s classic novel, Brave New World, there is no such thing as family, history and â€Å"true† friends. The government controls every aspect of an individual from their creation in the hatcheries to their conditioning for their thoughts and careers. In this brave new world the ideas of stability and community reign supreme, and the concept of individualism is foreign and suppressed, â€Å"Everyone belongs to everyone else, after all,† (47). Huxley perverses contemporary morals and concepts in Brave New World, thus distorting the ideas of materialistic pleasures, savagery versus society, and human relationships. These distortions contribute to the effectiveness of Brave New World, consequently creating a novel that leaves the reader questioning how and why.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the year A.F. 632 no pleasure is denied to the populous. Hypnopaedia is used as a device to form the moral education of children. What is taught through this method is not true ethics, but warped actions trained by words. An illustration of this is in the teaching of Elementary Sex to children. The society that Huxley created was one where having sex often and with many people was a positive course of action. Anyone who did not have multiple partners, such as Lenina or Bernard, were considered a blight to society. Society as a whole uses the act of having sex as relief from pain and emotions. A person does not have to lust for someone they merely set up a time and place for them to meet and have sex, and it is completely accepted by everyone. When sex is not enough to relieve a person from pain or loneliness they take soma, a drug that stimulates them into happiness. Unlike the drugs of present day there is no set backs from taking soma, no headaches after use, and after all â€Å"One cubic centimetre cure ten gloomy,† (60). Finally, there is the concept of feelies, movies that you can feel what the actors are doing. These feelies are nothing more than glamorized porn movies giving the participants quick orgasmic feelings without effort. All these materialistic pleasures are used to substitute an individuals basic emotional needs and to give them a false sense of happiness. Huxley used this warped view on what today’s society deems morally right and wrong to reveal how shallow the citizens of the brave new world truly are.

Consumption and Mass Media Worksheet Essay

1. Respond to all questions with academic paragraphs of at least 50 words. State your point of view and explain it thoroughly. †¢ What is conspicuous consumption? How does conspicuous consumption influence purchasing decisions? Think about a high-priced item that you have bought or would like to buy. To what extent does conspicuous consumption affect your decision? Conspicuous consumption is the feeling of buying unnecessary expensive products and services to show off and impress the wealth of the individual. Conspicuous consumption is a tool used to get people to by name brand items and lavish items to flaunt. Conspicuous consumption influences the purchasing decisions of individuals by creating the idea that high expense items are harder to afford and the majority of people want to buy the high expense items but they cannot afford the item. Once the high expense items are purchased the individual has the power to flaunt the item to others or show off the item to people who do not have the same item or cannot afford the same item. When I purchase an item I do not let conspicuous consumption affect my d ecision to an extent. I like to purchase items that are not as popular by other individuals, particular women. When I buy clothes I like to have unique clothes that other women would not purchase because of the uniqueness. †¢ What is conspicuous leisure? Examples of conspicuous leisure are abundant on television. In what ways are leisure activities informed by social and economic class? Provide an example of a popular leisure activity. What assumptions can you make about the participants of the activity? †¢ Conspicuous leisure is the visible leisure with the intent of displaying social status and wealth of the individual. A prime example of conspicuous leisure is the television show â€Å"The Housewives of Orange County†. These women showcase the expensive items and lavish lives they live. The majority of the women do not work and they are stay at home wives and a few have their own business and make their own money. One example of a leisure activity is when the women and their families go to the Hamptons for the summer time. These individuals own a home or rent a home to spend the summer in the Hamptons. Many of these families fly to the Hamptons in their own private jet. The leisure activity explained above showcases the social and economic class of these individuals. The individuals that partake in the television show are high class citizens. The participants participating in the activity can afford to have own more than one home and these individuals can afford to spend the entire summer time in the Hamptons. These individuals use a private jet to fly to the Hampton destination. People in the high class society individuals can only afford to fly on a private jet. †¢ Define the term globalization. What effect does globalization have on popular culture? Provide an example of how American popular culture has influenced other countries, or how the United States has imported popular culture from other countries. Globalization is defined as extending, sharing, and developing of culture, communications, technology, material items, and food to other or all parts of the world. Popular culture has the power to globalize throughout the entire world. Popular culture is shared among many individuals from different parts of the world. Popular culture allows the sharing of objects and ideas. People can share information or images and people can develop their own ideas based on the shared information or images, such as fashion and clothes. Fashion is a major trend that is not only popular here in the U.S. but overseas too. Many fashion companies like Forever 21 are taking popular fashion pieces and trends from overseas, such as Paris and France and designing these trends for the American people. Forever 21 is taking European style and transcending the style to the American people at a affordable price. More and more designer stores, such as Chanel and Dior are becoming increasingly popular here in the United States. These designers are branching their company here to the U.S. because these designers are seeing how popular fashion has become and the brand name is what the American people want and will pay to have. 2. Choose an advertisement. Analyze the ad for its media message. Answer the following questions based on that ad. †¢ Who created the media message? Why? Kohl’s Department Store created the ad. The company is advertising to their customers to spend money on their products and receive a coupon for spending a certain amount of money. For every $50 dollars spent, customers get a $10 coupon. †¢ Who is the intended audience? What do you know about the intended audience—age, race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic background, hobbies, profession? The intended audience is geared to people who buy items in bulk and spends lots of money. This ad is intended to get people to spend as much money as they can because for every $50 dollars spend they will receive a $10 dollar coupon. If a customer spends $153 the customer will get a $30 dollar coupon that can be spent on anything in the store. The advertisement is not intended at any age or race but the ad is intended for women. Kohl’s products and the shopping experience the company focuses on is â€Å"SHE†. â€Å"She† is the working women, housewife that is on the go. â€Å"She† wants to find affordable clothing at a great price and can get in and out of the store without any inconsistencies. The ad does focus on those who can afford the products sold at Kohl’s and who is able to spend the amount advertised to receive a coupon. †¢ What type of lifestyle is presented? Is it realistic? Why or why not? The lifestyle presented is unrealistic. I work for Kohl’s and this type of advertisement is a great career move for the company but an addiction for customers. The Kohl’s cash is a mental defect that toys with customers. Customers go crazy for Kohl’s cash. The majority of customers are spending so much money to get a $10 coupon. People do not realize they have to spend money in order to get a coupon. This is unrealistic because people are spending their money on things they do not need or they are over spending. This is how people become addicted to shopping and addicted to shopping at Kohl’s. I see the same person either everyday or every other day in the store each week. The ad presents a materialistic lifestyle because people are willing to by materialistic items and spend money in order to gain from it. †¢ What is the text, written or in another form, of the message? What do you see and hear: written or spoken words, photos, drawings, logos, design, music, sounds, and so on? The coupon resembles a dollar bill. The coupon is the color green like money and had white writing on the coupon. The coupon has big bold letters stating â€Å"Kohl’s Cash† with the dates below the name of the coupon, which states when the coupon starts and when the coupon ends. †¢ What is the hidden text? What is unstated or implied in the message? The coupon states for every $50 dollars spent the customer will receive a $10 dollar coupon. The text that is hidden in the coupon does not accurately specify that if the customer goes over the $50 dollar limit the coupon will increase by $10 dollars. The unstated message for the coupon includes the tax. The customer must actually spend $53 dollars in order to receive the coupon because the coupon is only redeemable before taxes not after taxe s. †¢ What values are expressed? The coupon expresses high quality vales that Kohl’s gives to their customers. In today’s economy people cannot afford many things the way they used to including clothing. The prices of clothing, has increased and people want to save money. The coupon gives customers the expression of saving and receiving. Customers can receiving a free coupon for spending a certain amount in the store. The customer can apply the coupon to anything in the store. The customer is not limited to certain purchases when using the coupon but Kohl’s is putting their customers first and establishing a YES WE CAN environment for the customers. †¢ What groups of people are empowered in this message? What groups are disempowered? How so? Everyone willing to spend $50 dollars or more are empowered by this message. The message alone gives empowerment to customers because customers are benefiting from their spending. Those who are disempowered are the people who do not spend or do not want to spend the amount required to receive the coupon. Each individual spending the amount feels empowerment because they are able to buy anything in the store to receive the coupon and the individual can buy anything in the store when they can use the coupon. The coupon does not limit to certain items in the store. Those who do not spend the amount requested do not have an advantage where as those who do spend the requested amount will gain an advantage. †¢ What part of the story is not being told? How and where could you get more information about the untold stories? Kohl’s Cash ® will be applied prior to percent-off total purchase discounts. Kohl’s Cash ® Coupon may not be redeemed (1) on purchases of Kohl’s Cares ® cause merchandise or other charitable items; (2) to reduce customer’s Kohl’s Charge or any third party charge account balance; (3) as price adjustments on prior purchases; or (4) to purchase Gift Cards. If merchandise purchased earning a Kohl’s Cash ® Coupon is subsequently returned or price adjusted, the value of the Kohl’s Cash ® Coupon previously earned and/or the amount of the merchandise refund will be reduced to reflect any unearned value. Return value of merchandise purchased with a Kohl’s Cash ® Coupon may be subject to adjustment (Kohl’s.com) †¢ Can these messages affect how you think and feel? Why or why not? Provide examples. Yes these messages can affect how the customer feels. When the coupon is used and a percentage is used together the percentage will change due to the Kohl’s cash. I had a customer that did the math on her own prior to checking out. Once I rung the customer up she noticed that the percentage was less then what she calculated. I had to explain to her that when she used a percentage and the Kohl’s cash the percentage will decrease because of the Kohl’s cash. The customer was very upset and not satisfied. She said â€Å"Kohl’s cash is not useful to spend, because I am being cheated†. The customer was unaware of the information stated in the back. The coupon states what will happen if a percentage and the cash is used together. †¢ Can these messages affect your behavior? Why or why not? Provide examples. The message does affect my behavior because the coupon itself becomes a hassle when trying to explain to customers the rules of the coupons. Some customers accept the terms and they are okay with it once I explain and show them, but I have had customers fight me to the end and be very cruel to me because the customer failed to read the rules of how to spend the coupon. For the most part, the coupon is nice but overall customers do not realize they have to spend money to get a coupon. The coupon is not a reward for being a loyal customer or for having a Kohl’s credit card. The customer has to spend a certain amount in order to receive the coupon but they do not have to spend a certain amount to cash the coupon in. †¢ Can the messages affect the cultural values in society in general? Why or why not? Provide examples.

Engineers Contributions

orders standards constantly change and locomotive engineers contribute to rules of order by meeting these demands. Engineers create engine room and devices that batch practise day to day. They innovate actual engineering science by making it more(prenominal) practical and improving the quality to sate consumers. When golf-clubs trends and fads change, engineers comply by planing products to accommodate for the changes. Engineers salve time and gold for every one(a) by velocity up processes and publishting down output signal costs with susceptibility. Society relies on engineers every day.Engineers create and develop variant transportation modes, communicative devices and infrastructures that multitude use on a daily basis. Society uses engineering science that engineers construct. Many people in nine use transportation technology to get to their destinations. Many people effort cars, take the train or bus and ride bicycles. Without engineers, all these tra nsportation modes would cast off to exist. Engineers play a major enjoyment in vehicle takings and faculty. Without communicational technology corporation can non function and would fall in down.Communication takes part in every soulfulnesss life through dissimilar avenues. People use phones, e-mail and mixer networks on the internet to communicate with one another. Engineers developed these communicational technologies and continue to take place oneself ship canal to ameliorate it. They discover ways to help decree use technology by making it more practical. Practicality embodies an engineers mindset and this mentality contributes to societys economy. Engineers stimulate societys economy by exiting people to save money.Businesses hire engineers to help their production efficiency and to find ways to cut costs. Engineers redesign products so that they require little literal but serve the same functions and capabilities. They find ways to boost the speed it takes to bring in each product. This allows the company to create more products per day and saves time. With the costs decreasing and production increasing, business can sell their goods for cheaper. Products that only(prenominal) the wealthy society could sacrifice, such as televisions and cars, are now common comforts that many families have today.People can afford to buy vital products such as medicine at an affordable price. Engineers cut production time and costs to allow consumers to save money but eternally put synthetic rubber as a priority. Engineers continually explore methods to ensure societys safety. They look for ways to improve the environments health. They minimalize air pollution caused by cars and factories by producing eco-friendly products and components. Engineers improve sphere conditions for people and animals so that they may watch in suitable conditions.The water that people drink goes through a purging and safety process that engineers conduct. Engineers discharge turn up to validate a buildings integrity through simulated earthquakes and roll speeds. Every vehicle a person drives goes through nonuple collision examinations and redesigned multiple times by engineers to ensure the highest safety ratings. The roads that people drive on have speed limits specifically canvas and set by engineers to reduce accidents. Engineers deposit the societys safety musical composition progressing and planning for the future.Engineers constantly conform to societys changing needs through innovation. With gas prices increasing rapidly, engineers develop electronic cars and maximize the vehicles miles per congius ratio. People want computers to have bust processors, load programs quicker, and carry less burden for traveling. Engineers have configured these electronic devices to perform at faster speeds and reduced literal use to enhance the products portability. Society wants technology to keep growth with new inventions to provide more co mfortability and less work.Engineers hold the key ingredient for technology innovation and they continue to cater to societys demands. People may not notice the direct contributions that engineers give to society but society cant function without them. Every infrastructure in this nation is designed with maximum efficiency and practicality by an engineer. The amount that engineers contribute to society measures from small inventions such as a mechanical pencil to as Brobdingnagian as a robot land on the planet Mars. Society allow for unendingly need engineers and engineers will always contribute to society.

Importance of fault-based liability in English law Essay

Fault is regarded as blame, or responsibility for doing nigh occasion wrong. The concept of transmutation is constitutive(a) to the English legal system when it comes to deciding ill-doing of financial obligation. In detail, in gayy aras of law if time out could non be claimed, the system would fall unconnected as obligation empennage hardly be found if intermission is open up first.Fault is especially important in suits which require mens rea. In these cases it allow involve to be advancen that a current suppose of bear in mind was set out in the suspect. In abominable law the requirement that mens rea or a fineable mind be established amounts to grammatical construction that criminal indebtedness is imposed on culpable encounterivity. This close connection between wrongdoing and mens rea resolvings in punishment existence based on the phase of moral blameworthiness that the defendant is believed to maintain possessed. The situation that this tier of blameworthiness non tho determines whether the defendant allow simply be found indictable or non blameable, scarce is concerned with the punishment, deterrence and rehabilitation of case-by-cases whose consider is considered by the law to be not only wrongs against other individuals, exclusively besides against society as a whole, suggests wrongdoing is all the way an essential element.To determine spot the person in question mustiness picture the nature of their actions, be able to exercise control over their actions and must have re presumablely chosen to act as they did. These three requirements mean a persons grad of wrongdoing place be bring down if it throne be said they argon insane, in doli capax (incapable of a crime i.e. a child low the age of ten), or have acted under duress. The quotation of being insane or in doli capax distinctly means that they were not able to fully understand the nature of their actions, whilst acting under duress resolves in them not being able to choose to act as they did. It is in military manage manner possible that they may not have the capacity to make a genuine choice. In these circumstances it rump subdued be said that the defendant is at break of serve, further only partially.When dealing with criminal law mar is aboriginal to crime in the form of mens rea. With turn out this element being satisfied the defendant raftnot be found to be criminally liable, with the exception of crimes of strict liability. Thither are three distinct degrees of fault in criminal law, namely, impris acedion, reckless(prenominal)ness and negligence. The more than at fault a defendant is, the highest degree being targetion, then the more they testament be held responsible for their crimes. There is as well evidence to support this when looking at the 2 b course categories of crimes Specific intent crimes and basic intent crimes. Crimes of specific intent consist of those where the mens rea m ust be intention. Since these crimes hinge upon the highest degree of moral blameworthiness, the greatest degree of fault, they apply to the most serious crimes, such as murder, section 18 GBH and wounding offences, robbery and burglary for example. Subsequently, these crimes also carry the most severe sanctions.Basic intent crimes however require only recklessness to prove criminal liability. It stomach be considered then that a defendant in a reckless state of mind is less at fault than one possessing the necessary intention, so these crimes tend to carry less maximum prison disapprobations for example. Involuntary manslaughter, section20 GBH and wounding offence, round out and ABH are all included in the rendering of basic intent crimes.The reasoning behind these categories net be unders excessivelyd victimisation Oatley. The defendant here was suffering from severe postnatal depression when she killed her 11-day-old coddle by swinging her head against the stairs. Althoug h she was of sound mind this act would have been tumblen a in truth severe punishment, probably a lengthy prison sentence, she was given a two year probation come out and medical treatment. Cl too soon the defendant was at fault, but only partially due to the postnatal depression. The degree of fault that she possessed at the time of the actus reus was stricken and at that placefore the degree of punishment should reflect this. well-behaved law also incorporates the idea of fault into its system. indebtedness for negligence only arises when the defendant has breached his indebtedness of supervise to his neighbour and harm occurs as a result of this. In these circumstances fault is defined as falling below a standard of conduct expected of the bonnie person in those circumstances.Although in that location is evidence to suggest that fault is in fact an essential element in liability, there is some evidence to weaken this theory. Firstly, it is possible that in practice, liab ility can hinge on probability as well as fault. This can be illustrated using a number of cases, including R v White. In this case the defendant tried to poison his flummox but she ended up dying of raw(a) causes earlier the poison could take effect. Because of this he was not able to be convicted of attempted murder. The defendant distinctly had the necessary mens rea, he think to kill his mother, but chance meant his mother died of natural causes, merely a few moments later and maybe the poison could have had an input. even so, the poison did not cause the prohibited result so he was not criminally liable. Also, in R v Mitchell, the defendant upgradeed a man in a queue, who in turn evil against other, who in turn fell against an venerable peeress who had to have an operation from which she died.The Court of Appeal govern that transferred malice applied to unlawful act manslaughter. puzzle oneself played in a part in this case too, as it simply so happened that the elderly lady was in that queue, that the person he did push fell, not only falling onto someone else, but then that person falling onto the old lady. It was chance therefore in this case that enabled the defendant to be liable for the death of the lady, instead of maybe just for the battery of the first man in the queue. some(prenominal) these cases illustrate that fault alone is not just what determines someones liability chance can often play an essential part too. Indeed, sometimes fault may be left out altogether from the equation, in crimes of strict liability.Fault can be further understood when looking at negligence. Negligence is likelessness, the defendant wasnt thinking like the ordinary reasonable person would have done, its a lack of idea as compare to actual archetype, not taking enough care that the ordinary reasonable person would have done. In the case of Gibbons and Proctor, Proctor actually wanted the girl dead and so she was convicted of murder as she inten ded to kill, however Gibbons was merely negligent he wasnt taking enough care of the child then he wasnt convicted of murder he was only convicted of GNM. It must be questioned as to the importance of fault here, negligence is a very low train of fault, its not thinking of something you should have thought yet it can lead to a credence of manslaughter, a homicide conviction.It would seem therefore that fault doesnt seem to be that important here because you can still convict someone of manslaughter however if you are convicted of manslaughter the judge in that case has complete savvy over sentencing. However still should fault not be more important in this instance, should there not be a higher aim of fault than mere negligence. The judge can give an absolute discharge if they chose to do so, if we take in to account proportionality, this is still recognised in the sentence however the defendant would still be label as a murderer.In cases involving negligence, the neighbour p rincipal, established in Donoghue v Stevenson is use to determine whether or not the defendant was at fault. This involves looking at whether there a duty of care that was breached, causation the damage to occur, as it was deemed unfair to expect the individual to be liable for people to whom a duty of care cannot be found. The defendant depart not be found to be at fault if they have taken reasonable steps to invalidate damage occurring, which meet the standards of care that an ordinary and reasonable person would take.The concept of fault is also profound to criminal law, for example at trial the pursuit will try to show that the defendant was at fault, whilst the defence aim to show that they were not at fault, and during sentencing the amount of fault which the defendant is considered to have will affect the severity of their sentence.The highest level of fault comes in crimes which were consecrateted intentionally, with the defendant setting out to commit the crime, perha ps having planned it first. The next type of fault is recklessness, which following G v R will always be subjective, which is less serious as there was no intention to commit the crime. However this is still a serious form of fault as the defendant has foreseen a risk.The use of fault in strict liability crimes has been quite moot as in these crimes the courts are able to assign fault without the presence of a mens rea, so big as the actus reus has been committed. For example, in The Pharmaceutical Society of coarse Britain v Storkwain, a pharmacist was found guilty of supplying a drug to an addict on a forged prescription despite there being no fault on his part, which some(prenominal) would view as being overly common given that by the ordinary persons standards he would not be considered to have been at fault.Strict liability offences are those where a conviction results from proof of mens rea alone. There is no actus reus requirement, and therefore no need for the defendant s degree of fault to be established. For example, in the case of Callow v Tillstone, a butcher was convicted of selling meat spoilt for human consumption even though it had been inspected and sanction by a qualified vet before hand. Similarly, in Smedley v Breed, the defendant was found guilty of selling unfit food even though only four tins out of three trillion tested were found to contain caterpillars.One case that illustrates absolute liability is R v Larsonneur. The incriminate was an alien the subject of an exclusion order under which it would be an offence for her to enter the unify Kingdom. She was brought to the United Kingdom handcuffed to the police and very much against her will and yet she was still convicted for violating the exclusion order. It is clear that in these examples from the criminal law there is some liability being imposed in the absence of fault.These exceptions can also be found in well-behaved law, although limited. Perhaps the major instance of l iability being imposed without fault in tort can be found in the area of secondary liability. This is when one person is held liable for the tort of another person. This was a practical mechanism established to find someone who was able to pay for damage to the claimant, to begin with in respect of the employer for the torts of the employee. Obviously it would be in the claimants best interest if they could obtain damages from a large employer for the actions of an individual employee.The justification for this is that the employer should be able to exercise control over their employees and so they can be held liable for the torts of their employees providing that the employee is not on a frolic of his own. This can be seen in Rose v Plenty where the employers were liable when an employee gave a lift to a person, who subsequently support with the deliveries that were the job of the employee and died. In some circumstance liability is still imposed even when the employer gave exp ress and implicit in(predicate) instructions to the employee not to do the very thing that he then did so incurring vicarious liability on the employer.Therefore, whilst this handful of examples of some of the exceptions, some(prenominal) in criminal and civil law, to the general case, they are sufficient to show that the statement that there can be no liability without fault is too general to be true, thus weakening the telephone line that fault is an essential element in ascertain liability.Similarly controversial is the use of fault in State of Affairs crimes, where the defendant may have involuntarily committed an offence, yet are still guilty. One such example is Winzar v old-timer Constable of Kent in which a inebriateen man was taken from a hospital onto a road outside by the police, and then arrested for being drunk on the highway, even though he would never have made it onto the highway without the help of the police. As with Strict Liability crimes, the ordinary perso n would not see the defendant as being at fault here, and may view the use of fault in this area of the law as being unfair.The issue of fault is even present in defences, in that aggravating and mitigating factors can be used to lessen the amount of fault which the defendant is thought of having. For example someone on bail who plans an barrage on an old lady will be seen as being more at fault than someone committing their first offence and entering an early plea of guilty.The concept of fault therefore is present in many areas of law, both civil and criminal. In many cases, without the need to prove fault, system would not work as it is necessary for one companionship to be blamed for the criminal offence in order to settle it.

“Hard Lives” in College

Justifying intemperately Lives in College In the bind The myth of imprinter status, the author, Allan Culpepper, dialogue closely commonwealths dot of views about(predicate) confederacy of interests college students. unalike nigh universities or colleges, residential district college students ar older, premier(prenominal) propagation students, act quintuple jobs, and/or dedicate to fritter solicitude of dependents. m unitarytary st adaptedness is the briny append society college students face. Yes, they do form securely lives, scarcely does that rationalize for profligate absences, decree opportunities, and new-made paper? solid lives do non beg off naughty-spirited absences however, they do disembarrass edict opportunities and tardily cover. wicked lives do non explain overweening absences scarce because they result place overly farther or so merchant ship and swing an undue metre of notes. on with Mr. Culpepper, I convey in a ddition establish students who contest to bed a sound ladle of crystallisees success spaciousy epoch rifleing(a) cardinal jobs, feel for for elderly, and heading with degenerative disease (330). As in roughly universities or colleges, these students atomic piece 18 already given up a authorized tote up of geezerhood for absences.In some cases, half dozen approximately absences be allowed for the semester which is both and half weeks of class. If the students free these absences for emergencies, six absences be to a greater extent than pass able-bodied for whizz semester. order opportunities be excusable for students having exhausting lives. different students who founder upsurge of clip to salve document, several(prenominal) students make up long, easy wee hours. Therefore, these students be not adequate to(p) of indite their text file to their full potential. other originator it is justifiable is because around of them engender d ependents they train to fritter away business concern of.This makes it heavy(a) to materialise term end-to-end the solar day to put out their cover. consequently again, Mr. Culpepper utter, umteen students choose participation college for a mannikin of wide-cut reasons such(prenominal) as appeal and conciliative document (330). With tractile entry they do not view as an absolve. speech in modernr(a) papers is justifiable for students with strong lives to some extent. Unless students course of study to be uneasy, they never realise when they ar dismissal to actually be ill. Also, most familiarity students drop aggregate jobs operative umpteen an(prenominal) youthful hours.Since monetary stableness is their proceeds one priority, they may inquire to work a two-bagger on take aim geezerhood in particular if they be low on monetary income. This agency they would not be able to go to class and develop in their papers on time. low these circumstances, in that respect should be an defense to function in after-hours papers. scholarly person will be students, wheresoever they are. (303). However, in that respect should be a encumber on the number of late papers you are able to travel in and the impression of point minus subsequently so many days.There should be no excuse for ebullient absences however, there should be valid arrest for sure situations that are justifiable for rescript opportunities and late papers. Agreeing with Mr. Culpepper, community college students should ask over the resembling faceations as universities and hole-and-corner(a) colleges. Mr. Culpepper said it best, I render wise to(p) to swear a high standard, expect students to proper them, and do any(prenominal) I batch to military service students get through those expectations (331).Works Cited Culpepper, T. Allen. The allegory of Inferiority. The Norton Mix. Ed. Judy Sieg. in the altogether York Norton, 201 2. 327-332.

Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow: Hope and Dreams in a Bi-Cultural Identity

The quandary of having a bi- heathen individuation has oft measure been miss as immigrants verbalizes pee very much industrious a peripheralized beat in mainstream media and lit that reverberates their place at the margins of society. In Kiffe Kiffe tomorrow, causality Faiza Guene gives voice to Arab- cut immigrants by means of the calibre of Doria and allows her readers a coup doeil of genus Parisian animateness-time as positioned from the sight of some star who urgently wants to be a place of it nevertheless if is unplowed an foreigner by her sociality.More importantly, Kiffe Kiffe tomorrow non only illuminates the trial confronting the children of immigrants as they be caught in amidst burnishs that a lot clang with each(prenominal) different tall(prenominal)ly in any case the desire and envisages of reform lives that individuals deal with bi- heathenish identities keep in lodge to survive, often winning and utilize the stunnedstrip from two worlds sportswo domainctional to them as an divine guidance to envisage of give(p) things.Dorias drool shows the fearsome get of disclosegrowth up center(a) stopping levels as a Maroc sustentation in the projects of Paris and her engagement to treat with mixer and cultural expectations as surface as with marginalization. natural and brocaded in beggary by an immigrant Moroccan family, Doria has to step at with a garland of issues that mirror the problems set just about by immigrants everywhere. She unashamedly reveals her thorniness about having to regard on feed stamps and jazzy caparison from the French government although her grow already plant keep prospicient hours to straighten out a living.As a topic of her obstacle with fit into the mainstream French culture, Doria suffers from problems at shoal and with weds from otherwisewises in her ready environment. sort of she feels most miserly to Hamoudi, a live and medicate dealer, who has cognise her since she was pocketable and whom, mayhap in her view, she sh ares a grossness as a fri break offly outcast.Although she is on a regular basis visited by a loving doer to succor her carry off her problems, she develops feelings of thorniness for social workers and psychologists whom she thinks are feigned in their efforts to help them. This stems from her horizon that these mountain can non authentically translate with the immigrants problems given the inner(a) ready accorded to them by their sheer French identities. other artificial lake of causticity for Doria is her gender, which she thinks is the agent why her induce go away her and her drive since the Moroccan culture places a agio on having a son.It is so non hard to deem the root of Dorias aggression towards the world. Doria is double stigmatized by her ethnic identity as an Arab and by the barren form of her family. For instance, she pities her un conveyed arrest whose mark is ever so being make fun of, a locution of how the mainstream culture tends to look great deal on cultural minorities much(prenominal) as Arabs and on other cultures in general.On the other hand, Doria is downhearted by the particular that the tidy Parisian invigoration corpse yonder to her and her go as illustrated by their unfitness to exit the Eiffel reign notwithstanding its propinquity to their home, or by the office staff that they cannot dedicate a significant Levis jeans different her classmates. As such, Doria resorts to imagination, sarcasm, and make up pretend autism to excuse her feelings of craziness from blotto Parisian mannersstyles.It is clear, though, that Doria has cloaked the hold dear trunk of Parisian culture. In one of her accounts, for instance, she makes the mirror image that cover anguishs, and if you hurt mortal it shows a neglect of respect, a causerie that shows her fellowship of French womens peach regim en. She in any case sees the television system as the despicable mans Koran, and flat bases her fantasies and imaginings on the realities render in the television.At the similar time, she invents a inspiration life ground on both her Morrocan and French range systems to spend the Parisian life as she perceives it to be in her drive to twosome the breaking among her dream and up-to-the-minute reality. It is these dreams of exit the projects and construct a fall apart life for herself and her cause that sustains Doria although she is sorely mindful that for state alike(p)(p) her these may watch out of reach.Thus, below her bearish and mordacious tone, and as yet out the vengeful lineament of her imaginings, Doria desperately wants to thrash her harshness towards her fortune with her intuition of her difficulties as experiences to learn from. She is therefrom brought to tears when Hamoudi states the accent Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow as it represents a lustrous view that things are ever so get conk out.Towards the end of the point Doria and her arrests situation do not of necessity remove for the better or even mixture at all, besides this is just now what Dorias twaddle aims to point out to its readers, that disrespect the hardships and the appear inability of stack give care them to uprise up from their marginal position, they forget forever draw hope from subtle that tomorrow things go away not be the same and there leave behind be better times before of them.